Voting Behavior Lecture Notes

"We may stay out of the Union for 100 years, but we will come in with our women!" 

This quote appeared in a telegram from the Wyoming territorial legislature to the US Congress, when the US Congress reported that the Wyoming territory must repeal the women's voting law before statehood would be granted.  Women were given the right to vote in Wyoming in 1869, making them the only females in the world who could legally cast a ballot at that time.

Voting is a critical way for Americans to participate in the political system.  Americans vote at a very low rate, perhaps taking their right to vote for granted.

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1860-1900: at least 70% of eligible population voted

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Since 1900, never greater than 70%, and in recent years
less than 50%.

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Also a decline since 1960

Here is a chart on voter turnout in elections since 1984. The bolded year reflect the presidential election years:

Year Voting-age
population
Voter
registration
Voter turnout Turnout of voting-age
population (percent)
2008* 231,229,580 (not yet available) 132,618,580* 56.8%
2006 220,600,000 135,889,600 80,588,000 37.1%
2004 221,256,931 174,800,000 122,294,978 55.3
2002 215,473,000 150,990,598 79,830,119 37.0
2000 205,815,000 156,421,311 105,586,274 51.3
1998 200,929,000 141,850,558 73,117,022 36.4
1996 196,511,000 146,211,960 96,456,345 49.1
1994 193,650,000 130,292,822 75,105,860 38.8
1992 189,529,000 133,821,178 104,405,155 55.1
1990 185,812,000 121,105,630 67,859,189 36.5
1988 182,778,000 126,379,628 91,594,693 50.1
1986 178,566,000 118,399,984 64,991,128 36.4
1984 174,466,000 124,150,614 92,652,680 53.1

 

Here are some of the barriers to voting in the US:

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Citizenship:  States allow only citizens to vote in most elections; some states allow non-citizens to vote in municipal elections.

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Residency:  The Supreme Court has ruled that a state may only set residency requirements for fifty days: some states have a residency requirement of only ten days.

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Registration:  Voter registration is intended to prevent voter fraud.  Every state except North Dakota has some form of voter responsibility.  Some states prevent convicted felons, mentally incompetent, those dishonorably discharged from the armed forces, the homeless, and polygamists from registering to vote.

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Weekday Voting:  About one in five people who reported that they registered but did not vote n because they could not leave work or school to vote.

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Voter apathy:  Some Americans are dissatisfied with politicians and therefore do not vote.

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Minority apathy:  Politicians may not reach out to certain groups of people who may not make a difference in the election; these minority groups may feel alienated and therefore not vote.